I have a number of wheels which have Shimano compatible 8 to 10 speed freehub bodies. Two of these wheels are intended for use in a time trial bike with 11-speed systems, and one is the new rear wheel bought for the Longstaff tandem (LINK). Accordingly I’ve spent a bit of time figuring out to upgrade these wheels to 11 speed.
Freehubs designed for 8 to 10 speed cassettes are very slightly shorted than those designed for 11 speed cassettes. They can fit standard Shimano cassettes from 7 to 10 speed, requiring a spacer in some cases. You can fit 11 speed cassettes if you drop out one of the cogs. This might not be the best solution for a racing wheel, but works fine if you’re not focussing on smallest cogs.
